Hey there, future retail rockstars! Stepping into a new Shopping Manager role is an incredibly exciting journey, isn’t it? I totally remember that buzzing mix of thrill and a tiny bit of “where do I even begin?” when I first landed a gig like that.
The retail world is a whirlwind these days, constantly evolving with groundbreaking tech and shifting customer expectations – from mastering the nuances of omnichannel experiences to leveraging AI for truly personalized shopping, there’s always something fresh to learn.
It can feel like a lot to take in, but trust me, you’re not alone in this! I’ve been in the trenches, learned the ropes, and picked up some seriously game-changing insights that helped me not just survive, but genuinely flourish.
If you’re ready to transform any initial overwhelm into pure confidence and make a real, measurable impact from your very first day, then you’ve landed in just the right spot.
I’m absolutely stoked to share all my hard-won wisdom, practical strategies, and even a few future-proofing tips to set you up for undisputed success in this dynamic industry.
Let’s dive deep into making you an indispensable leader, right now!
Navigating Your First 90 Days Like a Pro

Landing that Shopping Manager role is exhilarating, isn’t it? I still remember the flutter in my stomach when I first walked into my new store, feeling that mix of boundless energy and a healthy dose of “what now?” The first three months are absolutely critical, not just for making a great impression, but for truly understanding the heartbeat of your new domain.
It’s like being handed the keys to a brand new car; you don’t just floor it, right? You get a feel for the steering, the brakes, and how it handles on different roads.
This period is your prime opportunity to listen, observe, and absorb everything. Don’t feel the pressure to enact sweeping changes immediately. Instead, think of yourself as a detective, gathering clues and building a comprehensive picture of your store’s unique ecosystem.
This foundation will be invaluable as you start to strategize and implement your vision. Remember, people are watching and forming their first impressions of you, so let your curiosity and genuine interest shine through.
This isn’t just about operations; it’s about building trust and rapport from day one.
The Listening Tour: Understanding Your Store’s Pulse
My first piece of advice, and honestly, one of the most powerful things I ever did in a new role, was to embark on what I called my “listening tour.” This means genuinely engaging with every single member of your team, from the stockroom associates to the visual merchandisers.
Ask open-ended questions: “What works well here?” “What are our biggest challenges?” “If you could change one thing, what would it be?” And here’s the kicker – truly listen to their answers, without interruption or judgment.
These frontline heroes hold a treasure trove of insights that no spreadsheet or corporate report can ever fully capture. They know the customers, the quirks of the systems, and the hidden inefficiencies.
Beyond your team, spend time on the sales floor observing customer behavior, understanding their pain points, and even jumping in to help them find what they’re looking for.
You’d be amazed at what you pick up just by being present and observant. This isn’t about finding fault; it’s about gathering authentic feedback to inform your future decisions and show your team you value their perspective.
Quick Wins and Relationship Building
While your primary goal is to learn, identifying a few “quick wins” can be incredibly impactful during these initial months. These aren’t massive overhauls, but rather small, noticeable improvements that can boost morale or streamline a minor process.
Maybe it’s tidying up a disorganized back stock area, creating a more intuitive schedule, or implementing a simple recognition program for your team. These small victories demonstrate your commitment and ability to effect positive change, all while you’re still getting to grips with the larger picture.
Crucially, these early wins are also fantastic opportunities to build relationships. Collaborate with your team on these projects, empower them to take ownership, and celebrate successes together.
Showing that you’re willing to roll up your sleeves and work alongside them, rather than just dictating from an office, goes an incredibly long way in forging strong bonds and earning their respect.
It truly sets the tone for a collaborative and supportive environment, which is what every great retail leader strives for.
Building Your Dream Team: It Starts With You
When I think back to the stores I’ve managed that truly excelled, it wasn’t just about the product or the location; it was unequivocally about the people.
As a Shopping Manager, you’re not just overseeing transactions; you’re cultivating an environment where individuals can thrive, learn, and contribute their best.
This isn’t a passive role where you wait for greatness to appear; it’s an active, hands-on commitment to shaping a cohesive, motivated, and highly effective team.
I learned early on that the energy and engagement you bring to the floor directly impacts the energy and engagement of your entire team. If you’re enthusiastic, supportive, and clear in your vision, that positivity becomes infectious.
Think of yourself as the coach of an elite sports team – you need to understand each player’s strengths, identify areas for improvement, and create a game plan that allows everyone to shine while working towards a common goal.
This is where your leadership truly comes into play, transforming a group of individuals into a high-performing unit.
Empowering Your Associates: More Than Just Training
It’s easy to fall into the trap of thinking training is a one-and-done event, especially when you’re busy. But true empowerment goes so much deeper than just showing someone how to operate the POS system or fold a sweater.
It’s about instilling confidence, providing ongoing development opportunities, and trusting your team to make decisions. I’ve always found immense success in cross-training associates, allowing them to learn different roles within the store.
This not only builds a more versatile team but also helps individuals feel more valued and knowledgeable. Encourage them to share their ideas for improving processes or enhancing the customer experience.
When you give your team a voice and the autonomy to act on their suggestions, you’re not just getting better ideas; you’re fostering a sense of ownership and pride in their work.
I remember one associate who suggested a small change to our fitting room process that dramatically improved efficiency – a brilliant idea that came directly from her day-to-day experience.
That moment really solidified my belief in the power of empowering your team.
Fostering a Culture of Feedback and Growth
Nobody enjoys receiving negative feedback, and let’s be honest, giving it can be tough too. But without a culture of constructive feedback, growth stagnates.
My approach has always been to frame feedback as a gift – an opportunity to get better, both individually and as a team. This means making it a regular, expected part of your routine, not just something that happens during annual reviews.
Start with positives, be specific about areas for improvement, and always focus on observable behaviors rather than personal traits. Even more importantly, create an environment where your team feels comfortable giving you feedback too.
Regularly ask, “What could I do better to support you?” or “Is there anything you feel isn’t working on the floor that I might be missing?” When I first started, I used to dread these conversations, but over time, I realized they were absolutely essential for my own growth as a manager and for building a truly open, honest, and high-performing team.
It’s a two-way street, and the more you open those lines of communication, the stronger your team will become.
Mastering the Customer Journey in a Digital Age
The retail landscape has transformed dramatically, hasn’t it? The days of a simple brick-and-mortar transaction are long behind us. Today’s customer journey is a complex, often winding path that spans online browsing, social media influence, in-store visits, and post-purchase interactions.
As a Shopping Manager, your role now extends far beyond the physical four walls of your store; you’re a conductor in a grand orchestra of touchpoints, each one critical to delivering an exceptional experience.
I’ve seen firsthand how a seamless journey can turn a casual browser into a loyal advocate, and conversely, how a single hiccup can send them straight to a competitor.
Understanding these intricate pathways is no longer optional; it’s the very core of modern retail success. It’s about anticipating needs, removing friction, and making every interaction feel personalized and effortless.
| Customer Journey Stage | Key Touchpoints | Manager’s Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Awareness | Social Media, Online Ads, Word-of-Mouth, Window Displays | Ensuring consistent brand messaging, compelling visual merchandising, positive online reviews. |
| Consideration | Website browsing, Product Reviews, In-store exploration, Staff interaction | Optimizing online product pages, knowledgeable staff, engaging in-store displays, competitive pricing. |
| Purchase | Online checkout, In-store POS, Mobile payments, Click & Collect | Seamless checkout process, efficient order fulfillment, multiple payment options, helpful staff. |
| Retention | Follow-up emails, Loyalty programs, Post-purchase support, Personalized offers | Building customer relationships, effective loyalty programs, responsive customer service, personalized communication. |
Seamless Experiences: Bridging Online and Offline
One of the biggest shifts I’ve observed is the absolute necessity of integrating the online and offline experience. Customers don’t differentiate between your website and your store; it’s all ‘your brand’ to them.
This means practices like ‘buy online, pick up in-store’ (BOPIS) aren’t just a nice-to-have anymore; they’re expected. I distinctly remember the early days of implementing BOPIS in one of my stores – it felt like a monumental task, but the immediate positive feedback from customers, thrilled by the convenience, was undeniable.
It’s also about ensuring your in-store inventory is accurately reflected online, so customers don’t experience the frustration of coming in for an item only to find it’s out of stock.
Beyond that, empower your team to assist customers who start their journey online and finish in-store. Can they quickly pull up a customer’s wish list or past purchases?
Can they easily order an item that’s not physically present in your store but available online? These small bridges create a truly cohesive and satisfying journey.
Data-Driven Personalization: Knowing Your Shopper
Gone are the days when a generic “hello, can I help you?” suffices. Today’s customers expect a level of personalization that feels like you genuinely understand their preferences.
This is where data becomes your secret weapon. By leveraging customer purchase history, browsing patterns, and even loyalty program insights, you can empower your team to offer truly relevant recommendations.
I’ve personally seen sales jump when an associate can say, “Based on your last purchase of those running shoes, you might really like this new line of athletic apparel,” or “I noticed you were looking at X online, we just got a fresh delivery of similar items.” It’s not about being intrusive; it’s about being helpful and anticipating needs before they’re even voiced.
Train your team to use these tools ethically and effectively, ensuring privacy is always respected. The goal is to make every customer feel seen, valued, and understood, turning a simple transaction into a meaningful interaction.
Unlocking Profitability: Beyond the Sales Floor
Being a Shopping Manager isn’t just about making sales; it’s fundamentally about driving profitability. While ringing up customers is the glamorous side, the real magic, and often the biggest impact on your bottom line, happens behind the scenes.
I’ve learned that a deep understanding of your store’s financials, from inventory turnover to labor costs, is absolutely crucial. It’s about more than just hitting your revenue targets; it’s about making sure that every sale contributes meaningfully to the overall health of the business.
You need to be a savvy business owner in your own right, constantly looking for efficiencies, minimizing waste, and maximizing every resource at your disposal.
This holistic view of operations is what truly separates good managers from great ones, allowing you to identify opportunities that might be invisible to someone focused solely on the front-end.
It’s a continuous balancing act, but an incredibly rewarding one when you see your efforts translate into stronger financial results.
Inventory Management: The Silent Profit Driver
Oh, inventory! It’s often seen as a tedious, back-of-house task, but let me tell you, managing your inventory effectively is one of the most powerful levers you have for boosting profitability.
Too much stock ties up capital and risks markdowns; too little means missed sales and disappointed customers. It’s a delicate dance, and I’ve certainly stumbled a few times figuring it out.
The key is to truly understand your sales velocity for different products, identify your best-sellers, and strategically manage your slow-movers. Implement regular cycle counts, ensure accurate receiving, and reduce shrink through diligent processes.
I once inherited a store with an overflowing backroom, and by meticulously auditing and relocating dead stock, we freed up thousands of dollars in capital that we could then invest in fresh, in-demand merchandise.
That shift alone revitalized our sales and significantly improved our profit margins. It’s not glamorous, but mastering inventory is absolutely essential for any successful Shopping Manager.
Driving UPT and ATV: Boosting Every Transaction
UPT (Units Per Transaction) and ATV (Average Transaction Value) are your bread and butter metrics for boosting profitability on the sales floor. It’s not just about getting people to buy; it’s about helping them buy *more* and buy *better*.
This is where excellent salesmanship and thoughtful merchandising truly shine. Train your team on effective suggestive selling and add-on techniques. For example, if a customer is buying a new outfit, are your associates suggesting complementary accessories or a matching pair of shoes?
If they’re buying a tech gadget, are they offering the necessary warranty or protective case? I’ve found that framing these as genuine helpful suggestions rather than pushy sales tactics makes all the difference.
Beyond training, strategic visual merchandising can also do wonders. Group complementary products together, create compelling displays that tell a story, and ensure impulse buys are strategically placed near the checkout.
Every little bit adds up, and consistently improving your UPT and ATV can have a profound impact on your store’s overall profitability without necessarily needing more foot traffic.
Embracing Innovation: Tech Tools for Tomorrow’s Retailer

The retail world is a chameleon, constantly changing its colors, and tech is undeniably the driving force behind many of these transformations. What felt like cutting-edge innovation just a few years ago is now commonplace, and if you’re not continuously exploring and embracing new tools, you risk being left behind.
As a Shopping Manager, you’re not expected to be a tech guru, but you do need to understand how these innovations can empower your team, enhance the customer experience, and ultimately, boost your store’s performance.
I’ve seen some incredible advancements, from AI-powered inventory systems that predict demand with uncanny accuracy to immersive in-store digital experiences that genuinely wow customers.
It’s exhilarating to witness how technology can streamline operations, uncover hidden insights, and create truly unforgettable shopping moments. Don’t shy away from it; lean into it!
AI & Predictive Analytics: Your Crystal Ball
When I first heard about AI in retail, I admit, I imagined robots folding clothes! But the reality is far more practical and incredibly powerful. AI and predictive analytics are like having a crystal ball for your store operations.
They can analyze vast amounts of data – sales history, weather patterns, local events, even social media trends – to forecast demand for specific products with remarkable precision.
This means less guesswork for you in ordering, reducing both overstock and out-of-stock situations. I’ve personally experienced the relief of having a system suggest optimal staffing levels based on anticipated foot traffic, allowing me to fine-tune schedules and reduce labor costs without compromising service.
It also extends to personalized marketing, identifying which customers are most likely to respond to certain promotions. Embracing these tools means making more informed decisions, optimizing resources, and ultimately, boosting your bottom line in ways that human intuition alone simply can’t match.
Omnichannel Tech: Making Every Channel Count
“Omnichannel” is a buzzword, sure, but its underlying principle is absolutely vital: creating a cohesive, consistent brand experience across *all* customer touchpoints, whether that’s online, in-app, or in your physical store.
This means leveraging technology to ensure information flows seamlessly between these channels. Think about technologies that enable endless aisles in your store, allowing customers to browse and order items not physically in stock, or robust CRM systems that give your associates a 360-degree view of a customer’s past purchases and preferences, regardless of where they shopped.
I remember when we integrated our online wish lists with in-store tablets; it allowed our team to instantly access what a customer had been eyeing online, making their in-store visit so much more efficient and personalized.
It’s about breaking down the silos between your digital and physical presence, making every interaction feel connected and coherent. The customer doesn’t care which channel they’re on; they just want a smooth, satisfying experience, and omnichannel tech is how you deliver it.
Cultivating Resilience: Thriving Under Pressure
Let’s be honest, the retail world isn’t always sunshine and rainbows, is it? As a Shopping Manager, you’ll inevitably face your share of challenges: difficult customers, unexpected staffing issues, inventory mishaps, and the relentless pressure of sales targets.
I’ve certainly had my moments where I felt like I was juggling flaming chainsaws while riding a unicycle! But what truly defines a great leader in this dynamic industry isn’t avoiding these pressures – that’s impossible – but rather how you respond to them.
Cultivating resilience isn’t just about bouncing back; it’s about developing the mental fortitude to anticipate challenges, navigate them with grace, and learn from every experience, good or bad.
It’s about maintaining your composure when things go sideways and being the steady anchor for your team when the seas get rough. This emotional intelligence and toughness are skills that are honed over time, through countless real-world scenarios, and they are absolutely indispensable.
Dealing with Difficult Situations: Keeping Your Cool
Whether it’s an irate customer demanding a refund or an unexpected delivery delay throwing your day into chaos, difficult situations are part of the retail manager’s daily diet.
My mantra has always been to stay calm and focus on solutions. The moment you lose your temper or get flustered, you lose control of the situation and, more importantly, you risk damaging your reputation and demoralizing your team.
I’ve found that active listening is your best friend when dealing with upset customers; let them vent, acknowledge their feelings, and then calmly outline the steps you can take to resolve the issue.
With operational challenges, it’s about quickly assessing the situation, delegating tasks effectively, and communicating transparently with your team and, if necessary, your leadership.
I remember one holiday season when a major shipment was delayed, and it felt like the world was ending. By staying calm, communicating clearly with my team, and strategizing alternatives, we managed to pivot and minimize the impact.
It taught me that keeping a cool head is half the battle.
Self-Care in Retail: Preventing Burnout
It’s easy to get swept up in the demands of the job and put everyone else’s needs before your own. But trust me, burnout in retail management is a very real threat, and it can creep up on you before you even realize it.
I’ve been there, feeling completely drained, and it impacts everything from your decision-making to your team’s morale. That’s why prioritizing self-care isn’t a luxury; it’s an absolute necessity.
This doesn’t mean taking a week-long spa vacation every month, though that sounds lovely! It’s about small, consistent habits: making sure you’re getting enough sleep, stepping away for a proper lunch break, taking a few minutes to walk around the block, or dedicating time to a hobby outside of work.
It’s also about knowing your limits and learning to delegate effectively. You can’t do everything yourself, nor should you. Recognizing when you need a break, and actually taking it, allows you to show up as your best self for your team and your customers.
Remember, you can’t pour from an empty cup.
The Art of Visual Merchandising: Making Shoppers Stop and Stare
Have you ever walked into a store and instantly felt drawn to a particular display? That’s the magic of visual merchandising at play, and it’s an incredibly powerful tool in your arsenal as a Shopping Manager.
It’s more than just arranging products neatly; it’s about creating an immersive, engaging experience that speaks directly to your customer’s desires and emotions.
I’ve always viewed visual merchandising as the silent salesperson of the store – it works 24/7, guiding customers, inspiring purchases, and reinforcing your brand’s identity without uttering a single word.
When executed brilliantly, it can transform a mundane shopping trip into an exciting discovery, making shoppers linger longer, explore more, and ultimately, buy more.
It’s truly an art form that blends creativity with a deep understanding of human psychology, and mastering it can significantly impact your store’s appeal and profitability.
Storytelling Through Displays: Engaging the Senses
Think of your store as a stage, and your merchandise as the characters in a compelling story. Every display, from your window frontage to an in-store table arrangement, should tell a narrative that resonates with your target audience.
This goes beyond just putting products on shelves; it’s about creating an atmosphere that appeals to all the senses. Consider the lighting – is it highlighting your key items effectively?
What about the colors and textures you’re using? Even subtle elements like background music or a pleasant scent can dramatically enhance the customer’s emotional connection to your brand.
I remember creating a “cozy reading nook” display for a homeware store, complete with a comfy armchair, a faux fireplace, and soft throws. Customers weren’t just looking at the products; they were envisioning themselves relaxing in that space, and sales for those items soared!
It’s about painting a picture that allows customers to imagine themselves using and enjoying your products, transforming them from mere objects into desirable experiences.
The Psychology of Placement: Maximizing Impact
Visual merchandising isn’t just about aesthetics; it’s deeply rooted in the psychology of how people shop. Where you place products, how you group them, and even the direction of your displays can subtly influence customer behavior.
Think about the “power walls” or focal points near the entrance – these are prime real estate for your most exciting new arrivals or best-selling items, designed to capture attention immediately.
Then there’s the art of adjacency: placing complementary products next to each other to encourage add-on sales. For instance, pairing a stylish scarf with a coat, or a phone case with a new phone.
I’ve spent countless hours rearranging sections, observing how customers navigate the store, and tweaking layouts based on what I learned. Pay attention to sightlines, traffic flow, and “decompression zones” at the entrance that allow customers to adjust before diving into the merchandise.
Understanding these psychological principles and applying them strategically can dramatically increase dwell time, product discovery, and ultimately, your store’s conversion rates.
Wrapping Things Up
Stepping into a Shopping Manager role is a journey, not a sprint. It’s about continuously learning, adapting, and growing, both as a leader and as a strategist. Remember, every challenge is an opportunity to refine your approach, strengthen your team, and deepen your understanding of the ever-evolving retail landscape. Embrace the adventure, trust your instincts, and always put your team and your customers at the heart of everything you do. The rewards, I promise you, are incredibly fulfilling.
Handy Tips for Every Shopping Manager
1. Build Your Network: Connect with other managers, both inside and outside your company. Sharing experiences and insights can be invaluable for problem-solving and finding fresh perspectives. You’ll be amazed at the wisdom you can glean from colleagues who’ve walked a similar path.
2. Stay Curious: The retail world never stands still. Dedicate time each week to research industry trends, read up on new technologies, and keep an eye on what your competitors are doing. Continuous learning keeps your strategies sharp and your store ahead of the curve.
3. Master Your Metrics: Beyond sales figures, truly understand your store’s key performance indicators (KPIs) like conversion rates, average transaction value, and inventory turnover. Data isn’t just numbers; it tells a story about where you’re excelling and where there’s room to grow.
4. Prioritize Employee Development: Your team is your greatest asset. Invest in their training, offer opportunities for advancement, and empower them to take ownership. A well-trained, motivated team is the backbone of a successful store, and their growth directly contributes to yours.
5. Embrace Feedback: Actively solicit feedback from your team, your customers, and even your superiors. It might not always be easy to hear, but it’s crucial for identifying blind spots and making necessary adjustments to your leadership style and store operations. Remember, it’s a gift!
Key Takeaways
At the core of effective Shopping Management lies a blend of empathetic leadership, strategic operational oversight, and a keen eye for both customer experience and profitability. Cultivate a high-performing team by fostering trust and empowering growth, while diligently bridging the online and offline customer journey. Leverage data and technology to drive intelligent decisions and embrace continuous innovation. Crucially, develop personal resilience to navigate the inevitable pressures, always remembering that the essence of great retail is about creating memorable experiences and nurturing lasting relationships, both with your team and your customers. Your store’s success is a direct reflection of your ability to inspire, adapt, and execute with passion.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 📖
Q: Alright, I’ve just landed this amazing Shopping Manager role and I’m buzzing with excitement, but also a bit overwhelmed figuring out where to even start. What are the absolute first, most crucial steps I should take to really hit the ground running and make a positive splash?
A: Oh, I totally get that feeling! It’s like standing at the edge of a vast ocean, knowing you want to swim, but not sure which stroke to use first. When I first stepped into a similar role, my biggest piece of advice, truly, is to pause and listen.
Seriously, for the first few weeks, your mission isn’t to revolutionize everything, but to become an expert observer and listener. Spend time with your team members on the floor, in the stockroom, at the customer service desk.
Understand their daily routines, their pain points, and what truly makes them tick. Ask open-ended questions like, “What’s the best part of your day here?” or “If you could change one thing, what would it be?” This isn’t just about gathering intel; it’s about building genuine rapport and showing you value their insights right from the get-go.
I found that by really listening, I not only uncovered low-hanging fruit for quick, impactful improvements but also earned my team’s trust, which is absolutely priceless.
You’re laying the foundation for a truly collaborative and successful tenure, so make those initial connections count!
Q: The retail world is changing so fast, especially with all the talk about omnichannel experiences and leveraging
A: I for personalized shopping. How do I, as a new Shopping Manager, effectively keep up with these cutting-edge trends and integrate them into my store’s operations without feeling completely swamped by the tech jargon?
A2: You’re right, it’s a whirlwind out there! I remember when I first heard “omnichannel,” it felt like a buzzword thrown around at every conference, and “AI” sounded like something out of a sci-fi movie, not my daily retail operations.
But here’s the secret: you don’t need to be a tech guru. Your superpower as a Shopping Manager is understanding the customer. Think of omnichannel not as a tech stack, but as making it ridiculously easy for your customers to shop with you, whether they’re browsing online, picking up in-store, or returning an item bought elsewhere.
My best strategy? Pick one area to focus on first. Maybe it’s improving your in-store pickup experience, or making sure your team is comfortable helping customers check inventory online.
For AI, instead of getting bogged down in algorithms, think about the outcome. How can AI help personalize recommendations or optimize staffing during peak hours?
I found immense value in chatting with our IT department or even tech-savvy team members. They love to explain, and you’ll gain practical insights. Look for practical applications, attend industry webinars (there are tons of free ones!), and don’t be afraid to experiment on a small scale.
It’s about continuous learning and adapting, not mastering everything overnight.
Q: I really want to make a measurable impact and show my value as a leader right away. What specific strategies can I use to not just survive the new role, but genuinely flourish and demonstrate tangible results from my very first day on the job?
A: That’s the spirit! Making a tangible impact from day one isn’t about grand, sweeping changes; it’s about smart, focused action. My biggest “aha!” moment came when I stopped trying to fix everything at once and instead focused on identifying and executing a few “quick wins.” These are small, often easily solvable issues that, when addressed, can make a noticeable difference to your team or customers.
For example, maybe it’s streamlining a clunky checkout process, reorganizing a notoriously messy backstock area, or implementing a new, more efficient daily briefing.
These small victories build momentum, show your team you’re proactive, and most importantly, they produce measurable improvements that you can proudly showcase.
Start by looking at your current store metrics – sales conversion, average transaction value, customer feedback scores. Pick one or two areas that are underperforming slightly but have clear opportunities for improvement.
Develop a simple plan, execute it with your team, and then track the results. Being able to say, “By implementing X, we saw Y improvement in Z,” is incredibly powerful.
Remember, leadership isn’t just about vision; it’s about consistent, visible action that delivers results, even small ones, especially at the beginning.






